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Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary

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Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary Answer Key

Instructions: Use the word bank to complete each statement about genetics and heredity.

Word Bank: phenotype; Punnett square; gene; heredity; 46; genome; chromosomes; genotype; pea; mutations; genetics; 23; DNA; chromatid; trait; alleles

1. 
The study of heredity is called genetics.
2. 
The basic molecule of life is called DNA .
3. 
Structures made of DNA and other molecules are chromosomes.
4. 
Each identical rod in a chromosome is called a(n) chromatid.
5. 
A small section of DNA is called a gene .
6. 
When DNA copies itself, it is not always perfect. The mistakes made are called mutations.
7. 
Different versions of the same gene are called alleles.
8. 
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, making a total of 46 chromosomes.
9. 
The genetic make-up of an organism is known as its genotype. The actual physical expression of those genes is called its phenotype.
10. 
Heredity is the passing of genes from parents to offspring.
11. 
A(n) genome is all the DNA in one cell of an organism.
12. 
A physical characteristic is a trait .
13. 
A Punnett square is a chart that shows possible gene combinations.
14. 
Gregor Mendel was the father of genetics and studied pea plants.
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