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Graduate Neuroscience Questions

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Graduate Neuroscience
Early diagnosis of autism is important because
  1. early intervention has been research proven to improve outcomes for children with ASD.
  2. children who do not receive early diagnosis are unlikely to be diagnosed later in life.
  3. early diagnosis correlates with more severe autism later in life.
  4. early diagnosis will prevent gastrointestinal symptoms.
Graduate Neuroscience
The pervasiveness and variability of differences in the brains of people diagnosed with autism is important to us as speech-language pathologists because
  1. We can pin-point exactly where the neural anomalies occur in the brain and design our therapy to remediate deficits in this area.
  2. we must look for many behaviors and characteristics as we plan remediation.
  3. Complicated causes mean that medical intervention for ASD may be a long time in coming, therefore effective therapeutic intervention is even more important at this time.
  4. b. and c.
Graduate Neuroscience
Which of the changes listed below apply to the DSM V diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder?
  1. Organization of characteristics into three different levels of severity.
  2. Division into ASD, childhood disintegrative disorder and Rhett's disorder.
  3. The removal of the formal diagnosis of Asperger's disorder and PDD-NOS.
  4. a. and c.
Graduate Neuroscience
If a graduate student from the physics department who is suspected to be on the spectrum was referred to you for evaluation, you might choose to evaluate:
  1. cognitive ability.
  2. joint attention.
  3. social communication abilities.
  4. b. and c.
Graduate Neuroscience
According to the Autism Speaks Science Journal,in regards to the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, vaccines containing thimerosal and the total number of vaccines administered during early childhood or any one doctor’s visit,
  1. these studies have not found a link between vaccines and autism.
  2. these studies have found a correlation between administration of the MMR vaccine and the incidence of autism.
  3. these studies show that there is a relationship between administration of the vaccine and the occurence of autism only in California.
  4. these studies indicate an increase in neurological anomalies after the third dose of the MMR vaccine.
Graduate Neuroscience
In a review of data from VAERS, it was observed that there was a significantly increased risk ratio for the incidence of ASD reported following:
  1. the Thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccine.
  2. the MMR vaccine.
  3. flu vaccines.
  4. the Thimerosal-free DTaP vaccine.
Graduate Neuroscience
Children with Down syndrome share some diagnostic characteristics with those diagnosed with ASD, including:
  1. telegraphic speech.
  2. increased brain size and excess gray matter.
  3. gastrointestinal disorders and heart malformation.
  4. wandering/running off, oppositional behavior, attention problems, obsessive behavior.
Graduate Neuroscience
Children with ASD carry some of the same symptomological characteristics as those with
  1. Williams syndrome.
  2. Landau Kleffner syndrome.
  3. Rett syndrome.
  4. all of the above.
Graduate Neuroscience
In an article in the ASHA Leader, it was reported that the American Psychiatric Association beleives that the new DSM V criteria for autism spectrum disorders may cause
  1. misdiagnosis of ASD.
  2. overdiagnosis of ASD.
  3. a reduction by almost one third of the people being diagnosed.
  4. a reduction in the diagnosis of social communication disorder.
Graduate Neuroscience
Researchers have found the following brain function to be impaired in a significant number of people with ASD:
  1. auditory brain stem response.
  2. disruption in brain synchronization.
  3. failed synaptic pruning.
  4. all of the above.
Graduate Neuroscience
Poor eye contact, hand-biting, and poor sensory skills can be a symptom of ASD, or
  1. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
  2. Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD).
  3. Fragile X
  4. Tardive Dyskinesia.
Graduate Neuroscience
Extralinguistic elements of language that we should observe or assess include:
  1. hand and arm movements.
  2. nodding.
  3. interpretation of the meaning of facial expression.
  4. all of the above.
Graduate Neuroscience
According to Prelock, elements that we look for in social communication include:
  1. eye gaze.
  2. joint attention.
  3. reciprocal communication.
  4. all of the above
Graduate Neuroscience
Generally speaking, tests for autism are either standardized measures directly administer to the client by an examiner, or non-standardized behavioral checklists completed by parents. However, a semi-structured observation scale with high inter-rater reliability is:
  1. the Social Emotional Evaluation (SEE).
  2. the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.
  3. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
  4. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Graduate Neuroscience
One sign of possible autism in very young pre-verbal children is
  1. babbling and cooing.
  2. failure to exhibit joint attention.
  3. strong pretend play skills.
  4. all of the above
Graduate Neuroscience
Because of the variety of symptoms that people with ASD can manifest, and the wide range of associated symptoms and disorders that can occur, it is important that
  1. ASD be treated only by speech-language pathologists.
  2. assessments are performed by an interdisciplinary team.
  3. physical therapists always be involved with diagnosis.
  4. only physicians be allowed to assess for the presence of ASD.
Graduate Neuroscience
Studies of gastrointestinal disorder in children with ASD indicate that:
  1. that GI disorders are four times more common among children with autism than among other children.
  2. chronic constipation and diarrhea were both three times more common among the children with autism.
  3. children with autism were twice as likely to indicate they had abdominal pain.
  4. all of the above
Graduate Neuroscience
Recent research suggests that one clue to the relationship between intestinal prolems and ASD may be that
  1. intestinal disorders cause children to be less active.
  2. gut bacteria which are more abundant in some individuals with autism produce waste products that may affect brain activity.
  3. neurological differences in the brain may cause children to misperceive stomach pain.
  4. children with ASD are more prone to be hypochondriacs
Graduate Neuroscience
In the DSM V criterion for autism, in order for a person to be diagnosed with ASD,
  1. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.
  2. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
  3. Language must have developed normally, then regressed between 24 and 36 months of age.
  4. a. and b.
Graduate Neuroscience
Researchers hypothesize that the lack of facial expression in some people with ASD may be caused by a smaller than usual
  1. superior olivary complex.
  2. facial nucleus.
  3. corpus callosum.
  4. nose bridge.
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