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College Anatomy and Physiology Questions

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College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Functionally, which cellular location is the neuron's "decision-making site" as to whether or not an action potential will be initiated?
  1. axon hillock
  2. dendritic membrane
  3. axonal membrane
  4. synaptic terminals
College Anatomy and Physiology
What is homeostasis?
  1. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values
  2. ingestion of enough food to satisfy hunger
  3. tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
  4. remains within certain limited ranges
College Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
The part of the dermis where cells die, keratohyalin granules release filaggrin, and lipids coat the cell surface for waterproofing is the
  1. stratum basale.
  2. stratum lucidum.
  3. stratum corneum.
  4. stratum granulosum.
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the correct sequence of neuronal structures that a signal would travel through in a motor neuron for the biceps brachii muscle to contract?
  1. synaptic terminals, dendrites, cell body, axon, axon hillock, biceps brachii muscle fiber
  2. dendrites, cell body, axon, axon hillock, synaptic terminals, biceps brachii muscle fiber
  3. axon, cell body, synaptic terminals, dendrites, axon hillock, biceps brachii muscle fiber
  4. dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, axon, synaptic terminals, biceps brachii muscle fiber
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
  1. the postsynaptic membrane
  2. the nuclear membrane
  3. synaptic vessicle membranes
  4. dendrite membranes of the presynaptic cell
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Tastes and smells are distinct kinds of environmental information in that                                                                                                      .
  1. distinguishing tastant molecules requires learning, whereas smell discrimination is an innate process
  2. humans can detect many more types of tastants than odorants
  3. odorants are airborne, and tastants are present in fluids
  4. odorants bind to receptor proteins, but none of the tastant stimuli will bind to receptors
College Circulatory and Immune Systems
After it was discovered that the blood left the heart and returned to the heart as if it was going through a circle. This process later became known as the heart's blood
  1. have four chambers
  2. beat
  3. did not pump blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions
  4. circulation
College Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions                                                                                             .
  1. transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber
  2. spread action potentials through the T tubules
  3. bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed
  4. break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in ATP hydrolysis
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine. What effect on nerve transmission would occur following the administration of a chemical that inhibited acetylcholinesterase?
  1. Synaptic transmission would be prevented, causing muscle paralysis.
  2. It would be similar to giving an anesthetic, but it would last permanently.
  3. Continuous excitatory postsynaptic potentials would occur in the postsynaptic muscle fiber.
  4. The presynaptic neuron would be inactivated.
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve?
  1. One has sensory functions, the other has motor functions.
  2. Nerves are found only in the central nervous system.
  3. Nerves are found only in vertebrates.
  4. One is a single cell while the other is a collection of different cell types.
College Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is correct?
  1. Actin filaments stretch whereas myosin filaments stay the same length.
  2. Iron and fats bound to actin play a critical role in muscle cell contraction and relaxation
  3. Neither actin nor myosin change in size, although the area of overlap between them increases.
  4. Myosin filaments stretch where actin filaments stay the same length.
College Circulatory and Immune Systems
Would you expect the RBCs of a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) to look more like the typical mammalian RBC, or would you expect differences like those seen in the even-toed ungulates (camels etc.)? Why?
  1. Typical - There's no particular reason a blue whale would look different from the typical mammal
  2. Different - They should have RBCs with nuclei and organelles like fish RBCs, since they are also aquatic and breathe water.
  3. Different - They should have much larger RBCs, since RBC size scales with body size.
  4. Different - They might look more like an ungulate's RBCs since they are closely related species (Super Order: Cetartiodactyl).
College Circulatory and Immune Systems
Cardiac Output (CO) equals Heart Rate (HR) times Stroke Volume (SV).
  1. Correct
  2. Incorrect
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The nervous system is composed of                  .
  1. neural tissue
  2. blood vessels
  3. connective tissue
  4. all of the above
College Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What part of the neuron carries the information away from the cell?
  1. dendrite
  2. axon
  3. nucleus
  4. myelin sheath
College Anatomical Organization
Our largest organ is the               
  1. Pancreas
  2. Liver
  3. skin
  4. brain
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